Fishing tools – specialized tools used in oil and water well workover operations

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Fishing tools – specialized tools used in oil and water well workover operations

Fishing tools are the most widely used, frequently used, and comprehensive specialized tools in oil and water well overhaul construction, mainly used for handling downhole debris.

The falling objects are categorized into five main types: pipes, rods, ropes, logging instruments, and small items. They are also categorized into six main types based on their structure: cones, spears, tubes, hooks, baskets, and others.

SLIDING BLOCK SPEAR

JUNK SUB

The core function of these tools involves retrieving or removing falling objects using techniques such as snapping, slip engagement, and milling. Typical tools include male and female cones, sliding block spears, coupling spears, and retractable spears. They require auxiliary equipment such as shock absorbers and safety couplings during application.

Commonly used fishing tools:

TAPER TAP

Taper tap is a specialized tool used in the petroleum industry for retrieving tubular objects that have fallen into wells. It achieves its retrieval function by creating a snap-fit in the inner hole and is suitable for perforated tubular objects such as oil tubing and drill pipe. It has a particularly high success rate for structures with couplings.

2.DIE COLLAR

Die collars are specialized tools used in the petroleum industry for non-cutting retrieval of tubular objects such as oil pipes and drill pipes from their outer walls. They belong to the category of external retrieval fishing tools, and are classified alongside retractable retrieval cylinders and internal hooks. Their structure is a long cylindrical unit, consisting of an upper connector and a body with retrieval threads on its inner conical surface.

3.SPEAR

Spear is a specialized tool for retrieving downhole objects (such as tubing and drill pipe) using an internal engagement mechanism.

Its core structure includes components such as a spear shaft, slips, and plunger tubing. A sliding groove design allows the slips to slide radially and engage with the inner wall of the object. The tool has hydraulic control capabilities, enabling it to clear blockages in the well and is suitable for reverse-threading operations.

RELEASING BACK OFF SPEAR

4.OVERSHOT

Overshot is a downhole tool used in petroleum engineering to retrieve fish from the outside. Its main components include a barrel, upper connector, guide shoe, and slip assembly. Functionally, it can be divided into 12 types, such as short-top overshot, slip overshot, and inverted overshot. Accessories include logging instrument retrieval baskets and windowed overshots.

The working principle involves a self-locking engagement between the slips and the conical surface of the barrel. The retractable design allows for clockwise rotation to release the fish.

This tool is primarily used in drilling and workover operations to retrieve cylindrical fish such as drill collars and tubing.

REASLING AND CIRCULATING OVERSHOT

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